• Skip to primary navigation
  • Skip to main content
  • Skip to primary sidebar
Biting at the Bits logo
  • HOME
  • ABOUT
  • RECIPE INDEX
  • CONTACT
  • Nav Social Menu

    • YouTube
menu icon
go to homepage
  • ABOUT
  • RECIPE INDEX
  • CONTACT
  • SPRING
  • Find us on Social!

    • Facebook
    • Instagram
    • Pinterest
    • Twitter
    • YouTube
  • subscribe
    search icon
    Homepage link
    • ABOUT
    • RECIPE INDEX
    • CONTACT
    • SPRING
  • Find us on Social!

    • Facebook
    • Instagram
    • Pinterest
    • Twitter
    • YouTube
  • ×
    Home » Recipes » Pasta

    Easy Sausage and Mushroom Pasta (For Busy Weeknights)

    Modified: Dec 14, 2025 by Kelly Leding · This post may contain affiliate links · Leave a Comment

    Jump to Recipe·Leave a Review

    If you're looking for a new easy pasta recipe to add to your menu rotation, this one's really delicious and easy. This pork and mushroom tomato pasta sauce is made with Italian "salsiccia" (a high-quality fatty pork sausage seasoned with just salt and black pepper), sweet jarred tomatoes, pan-seared golden mushrooms, onions, garlic, white wine, and a handful of fresh herbs. and herbs -- and it's super tasty. 

    Sausage and Mushroom Maccheroni Pasta in the pot looking scrumptious and glistening with tomato sauce.

    When you're really busy, this pasta can be ready in 30 minutes (or you can leave it to simmer for an hour). Either way, it's a no-fuss, wholesome meal for the whole family and ready for easy weeknight dinners. 

    If you enjoy this quick pasta, try this Creamy Pumpkin Pasta Sauce with Sausage and Kale, or this perfect spaghetti with beef and tomato sauce!

    Jump to:
    • What's the Difference Between Maccheroni and Macaroni?
    • Sausage and Mushroom Maccheroni Pasta Ingredients
    • How to Make Sausage and Mushroom Maccheroni Pasta
    • Sausage and Mushroom Maccheroni Pasta step-by-step recipe photos and instructions
    • Ways to Customize Sausage and Maccheroni Pasta
    • How to Cook Pasta Like a Pro Best Tips
    • Looking for More Delicious Pasta Dishes to Make?
    • Let's get started!
    • 📖 Recipe
    raw fresh maccheroni pasta noodles lying on a cutting board with pink salt near it in a measuring spoon

    What's the Difference Between Maccheroni and Macaroni?

    The first time I ate fresh chewy maccheroni pasta was here in Italy.  You find all shapes and varieties of delicious fresh egg pasta in the refrigerated aisle of local grocery stores here.

    This isn't the same kind of tube-shaped pasta found in those little blue boxes with packets of powdered cheese that most of us grew up with.  Although, Kraft Macaroni & Cheese still holds a special place in my heart♡. This is a completely different kind of macaroni experience.

    This particular maccheroni noodle has ridges (called "rigate" in Italy) on the outside to help capture even more sauce. You can buy the smooth ("lisce") maccheroni as well.

    Both versions are deliciously chewy and worth seeking out. Nowadays, you can easily find this style of pasta in the States, too. If you can't find fresh maccheroni, you can always use another dried or fresh egg pasta like tagliatelle, pappardelle, or even fettuccine.

    Feel free to use regular macaroni, penne, rigatoni, or whatever you can find, because this sauce pairs well with just about anything.

    closeup in the pot of sliced and chopped white button mushrooms with a golden brown hue from cooking in the garlic and olive oil with herbs visible
    pork, musthroom, garlic, and herbs mixture cooking in the dutch oven with sage and olive oil looking nicely browned
    Mutti brand jarred tomatoes added to the center of the cooking meat and mushrooms looking beautiful and bright red

    Sausage and Mushroom Maccheroni Pasta Ingredients

    This recipe was (very) loosely inspired by the ragù alla Bolognese sauce I recently made. Although this sauce we're making today isn't really considered a ragù because it cooks in just 30 minutes (or up to 1 hour if you have the extra time).

    Whereas, Bolognese cooks for at least three hours. A good sausage and mushroom combo is something we enjoy, and the addition of wine in this recipe enhances the overall flavor of the final dish because it unlocks even more flavor from the tomatoes (science is amazing!), but you can omit it if you'd like.

    • 7 ounces Italian salsiccia (or ground pork seasoned w/salt and pepper) (200g)
    • 6 ounces fresh mushrooms, sliced or diced (175g)
    • 7 ounces white or yellow onion, diced (about 1 large onion) (200g)
    • 28 ounces canned or jarred tomatoes, finely chopped or crushed (690g)
    • ¼ cup (2 ounces) dry white wine (58g)
    • 3 tablespoons extra virgin olive oil (42g)
    • 2 medium or large garlic cloves, peeled and smashed
    • 3 freshly dried sage leaves (optional but recommended)
    • 3-inch sprig of freshly dried rosemary (or fresh rosemary) (optional but recommended)
    • salt to taste
    • crushed red peppers or dried whole peppers to taste (optional)
    • grated Parmigiano-Reggiano or Grana Padano, for serving
    • 6 ounces maccheroni pasta (or other preferred noodles) (160g) *this is enough noodles for two adult servings, but there will be leftover sauce which can be reheated and eaten with  2 more servings of freshly cooked pasta later in the week. This sauce recipe makes a total of 4 adult servings.  
    closeup of Sausage + Mushroom Maccheroni Pasta in the pot looking scrumptious and glistening

    How to Make Sausage and Mushroom Maccheroni Pasta

    This pasta is super easy to make, but if you need any tips or visuals, scroll to the end for step-by-step photos.

    1. Blister the garlic. Heat a dutch oven or other heavy-bottomed pot on medium-high heat and add 1 tablespoon of olive oil and smashed garlic cloves.  Cook for a few minutes until the garlic is slightly blistered and fragrant.
    2. Cook the mushrooms. Add the mushrooms and herbs, stir to coat with olive oil, season with a little salt, and then don't touch them again until you notice the mushrooms starting to turn golden brown. Then give them a good stir and continue cooking until most of the mushrooms have a light golden hue and you notice the bottom of the pan starting to turn brown (this is the "fond" and it always equals flavor).
    3. Cook the onions. Add the onions and a little salt and sweat them until they turn translucent.  *You'll notice the fond disappearing bc of the moisture from the onions, but then after some minutes, a new fond starts appearing and the onions become a much deeper color. 
    4. Cook the pork. Add the sausage and break it up into small pieces with the back of a wooden spoon as it cooks. Season the pork with a little salt if it needs it.
    5. Deglaze the pan with wine. When the sausage is cooked through and beginning to turn a deeper golden brown, add the wine while scraping the bottom of the pan to get the brown sticky bits incorporated into the meat and mushroom mixture. Cook for 5 minutes on high to help evaporate some of the alcohol.
    6. Add the tomatoes. Add the tomatoes and 2 tablespoons more of the olive oil (if needed), stir the mixture, season with salt and crushed red pepper (if using), cover with a lid, reduce the heat to a simmer and cook for 30 minutes for a quick pasta sauce, or for 1 hour for a longer simmer time.
    7. Cook the pasta. Add pasta to a lightly salted boiling pot of water and cook according to package directions, stirring occasionally, until about 1 minute before al dente. Add 2 to 3 spoonfuls of pasta cooking water to the saucepot and stir. Strain the pasta and add the noodles to the saucepan and quickly toss with sauce to coat. Turn the heat off and serve with freshly grated cheese, Enjoy!

    Sausage and Mushroom Maccheroni Pasta step-by-step recipe photos and instructions

    a pile of sliced mushrooms next to a pile of diced white onion
    sliced fresh mushrooms and diced mushrooms on cutting board
    my hand adding a little pinch of salt
    my hand adding lightly dried sage leaves and rosemary
    nicely browned mushrooms
    onions added to the mix
    adding a pinch of salt
    browning on the bottom of the pot
    raw sausage added to the pot
    cooking pork and mushrooms
    full on shot of the nicely browned mixture in the dutch oven
    closeup of the fond on the bottom of the pan
    my hand pouring white wine into the pork and mushroom mixture
    closeup of pork and mushroom mixture nicely golden and brown with wooden spoon inside the pot
    pouring tomatoes from a jar into the pork and mushroom mixture
    holding an empty jar of tomatoes with a little water added to get all the tomatoes from inside
    all the tomatoes mixed in with the meat and vegetables
    holding a tablespoon of olive oil over the sauce mixture
    Purple le creuset dutch oven on the stove.
    add maccheroni pasta to salted boiling water
    cooking pasta in water on the stove
    beautiful glistening chunky sauce
    maccheroni in a strainer
    maccheroni on top of the pasta sauce in a pan
    Sausage and Mushroom Maccheroni Pasta in the pot looking scrumptious and glistening

    Ways to Customize Sausage and Maccheroni Pasta

    • make it spicy by adding whole dried peppers or crushed red peppers
    • make it wine-free by simply leaving out the wine
    • replace the salsiccia with sweet or spicy Italian sausage, or regular ground pork seasoned w/salt and black pepper
    • tenderize the pork by adding a ¼-1/2 cup milk to the sauce
    • add extra veggies like chopped carrot or celery
    • replace the onion with shallots or leeks (white part only)
    • add a porky or smokey flavor by throwing in a handful of pancetta or prosciutto cotto to the cooking sausage
    beautiful sausage and mushroom pasta sauce with a deep red glistening color and a wooden spoon resting in the pot

    How to Cook Pasta Like a Pro Best Tips

    If you've eaten a forkful of pasta at your favorite restaurant, you may have wondered why it can sometimes be so much richer and velvety (even tastier) than the stuff you make at home.

    • Don't pre-cook your pasta noodles. In most cases, try to time the pasta so that the sauce is ready just before (or well in advance of) the noodles and not the other way around.
    • Add starchy pasta cooking water to the sauce. Just before the noodles are finished cooking to "al dente" doneness, add a little starchy water to the sauce and stir.
    • Don't over-salt the cooking water.  If the pasta cooking water is too salty, it'll make your final sauce too salty when it gets added. Alternatively, if the pasta water is not salty enough, the noodles will be bland.
    pan seared shrimp in a pan full of creamy tomato alfredo
    lasagna with asparagus on top in a white ceramic lasagna pan
    bolognese pasta square looking ooey-gooey and delicious
    the most delicious creamy shrimp alfredo pasta ready to eat with huge red Argentinian shrimp on top of a zigzag regional egg pasta
    closeup of baked ziti with tomatoes and cheese covered pasta noodles some gooey and some crispy
    Garganelli pasta noodles in a shrimp and tomato pasta sauce.
    spaghetti carbonara plated in a white pasta bowl with rectangular pieces of beautifully browned pancetta throughout
    a bowl full of Reginelle tagliatelle pasta which is a tagliatelle egg pasta with zigzagged edges (with a beautiful beef ragù mixed in)
    fork holding a mouthful of cajun royal red spaghetti with a shrimp on it
    shrimp pasta in red sauce piled high on top of triangular spaghetti noodles in a white pasta bowl

    Looking for More Delicious Pasta Dishes to Make?

    Above are a few of our favorite pasta dishes that we think you might also enjoy.

    • Anniversary Pasta (Spicy Shrimp Tomato-Alfredo Sauce w/Rigatoni)
    • Asparagus & Ham Lasagna (w/Asparagus Bechamel)
    • Classic Lasagna Bolognese (authentic Italian recipe)
    • Shrimp Fettuccini Alfredo Pasta Recipe (w/Parmigiano Cream Sauce)
    • Baked Ziti with Ragù (from Scratch)
    • 15-Minute Shrimp Pasta w/Garganelli (the Italian Way)
    • Spaghetti alla Carbonara (Cook Pasta Like A Roman)
    • Tagliatelle al Ragù (Northern Italian Beef Ragù w/Pasta)
    • Cajun Style Royal Red Shrimp Pasta for One (or a crowd)
    • Triple Shrimp Trighetto Pasta (Creamy Shrimp Pasta)

    Let's get started!

    Print

    📖 Recipe

    clock clock iconcutlery cutlery iconflag flag iconfolder folder iconinstagram instagram iconpinterest pinterest iconfacebook facebook iconprint print iconsquares squares iconheart heart iconheart solid heart solid icon
    Sausage and Mushroom Maccheroni Pasta in the pot looking scrumptious and glistening with tomato sauce.

    Easy Sausage and Mushroom Maccheroni Pasta


    5 Stars 4 Stars 3 Stars 2 Stars 1 Star

    No reviews

    • Author: Kelly
    • Total Time: 1 hour 10 minutes
    • Yield: 4 Servings
    Print Recipe
    Pin Recipe

    Description

    This meaty, mushroomy pasta hits just the right spot and is perfect for a quick weeknight dinner or simmered a little longer for a weekend dinner party! This no-fuss pasta recipe is so versatile that it can be eaten with tagliatelle, pappardelle, fettuccini, spaghetti, or even gnocchi. We've even used it as a pizza "sauce" in a pinch, and it's excellent!  MealPrep it and freeze in portions for even easier, healthy weeknight meals ready in minutes.


    Ingredients

    • 7 ounces Italian salsiccia (or ground pork seasoned w/salt and pepper) (200g)
    • 6 ounces fresh mushrooms, sliced or diced (175g)
    • 7 ounces white or yellow onion, diced (about 1 large onion) (200g)
    • 28 ounces canned or jarred tomatoes, finely chopped or crushed (690g)
    • ¼ cup (2 ounces) dry white wine (58g)
    • 3 tablespoons extra virgin olive oil (42g)
    • 2 medium or large garlic cloves, peeled and smashed
    • 3 freshly dried sage leaves (optional but recommended)
    • 3-inch sprig of freshly dried rosemary (or fresh rosemary) (optional but recommended)
    • salt to taste
    • crushed red peppers or dried whole peppers to taste (optional)
    • grated Parmigiano-Reggiano or Grana Padano, for serving
    • 12 ounces maccheroni pasta (or other preferred noodles) (320g)
    Instacart Get Recipe Ingredients

    Instructions

    1. Blister the garlic. Heat a dutch oven or other heavy-bottomed pot on medium-high heat and add 1 tablespoon of olive oil and smashed garlic cloves.  Cook for a few minutes until the garlic is slightly blistered and fragrant.
    2. Cook the mushrooms. Add the mushrooms and herbs, stir to coat with olive oil, season with a little salt, and then don't touch them again until you notice the mushrooms starting to turn golden brown. Then give them a good stir and continue cooking until most of the mushrooms have a light golden hue and you notice the bottom of the pan starting to turn brown (this is the "fond" and it always equals flavor).
    3. Cook the onions. Add the onions and a little salt and sweat them until they turn translucent.  *You'll notice the fond disappearing bc of the moisture from the onions, but then after some minutes, a new fond starts appearing and the onions become a much deeper color. 
    4. Cook the pork. Add the sausage and break it up into small pieces with the back of a wooden spoon as it cooks. Season the pork with a little salt if it needs it.
    5. Deglaze the pan with wine. When the sausage is cooked through and beginning to turn a deeper golden brown, add the wine while scraping the bottom of the pan to get the brown sticky bits incorporated into the meat and mushroom mixture. Cook for 5 minutes on high to help evaporate some of the alcohol.
    6. Add the tomatoes. Add the tomatoes and 2 tablespoons more of the olive oil (if needed), stir the mixture, season with salt and crushed red pepper (if using), cover with a lid, reduce the heat to a simmer and cook for 30 minutes for a quick pasta sauce, or for 1 hour for a longer simmer time.
    7. Cook the pasta. Add pasta to a lightly salted boiling pot of water and cook according to package directions, stirring occasionally, until about 1 minute before al dente. Add 2 to 3 spoonfuls of pasta cooking water to the saucepot and stir. Strain the pasta and add the noodles to the saucepan and quickly toss with sauce to coat. Turn the heat off and serve with freshly grated cheese and Enjoy!

    Notes

    • How much pasta do I cook per person? Depending on how hungry we are, I typically cook 3 ounces (or 80g) of pasta per person which is a typical pasta serving in Italy and serve it alongside a salad. I like to make the sauce and then cook only enough pasta for that meal and refrigerate or freeze the rest of the sauce for another meal. Then all I have to do for a quick mid-week dinner is to boil pasta and reheat the sauce.
    • How much pasta sauce do I use per person? It's typical to use anywhere from ¼ cup to ½ cup of sauce per person. Of course, if you serve a bigger 4-ounce portion of pasta per person versus a smaller 3-ounce portion of pasta per person, you'd probably need to account for ½ cup of sauce per person.  It's not an exact science of course, but this is a good rough estimate.
    • If you can't find Italian salsiccia (sausage) that's been seasoned with only black pepper and salt, just use your preferred sausage instead. It won't yield exactly the same result, but it might even be better! You can always try American breakfast sausage or plain fatty ground pork as a substitute.
    • If you move the mushrooms around too much after they've been added to the pan, they'll steam instead of browning properly.  Have patience here and allow the mushrooms to have undisturbed contact with the hot pan and olive oil.  You'll be rewarded for it.
    • If you can find Mutti brand tomatoes, use them. They are excellent quality tomatoes. If not, look for any other imported Italian San Marzano tomatoes to substitute.
    • Get the most out of that can or jar of tomatoes. I almost always add a little water to the jar or can of tomatoes in order to "clean the container", then I add it to the sauce.
    • You may use less olive oil if you'd like. I start off by adding 1 tablespoon to the pot to cook the garlic, then add up to 2 more tablespoons later on if I think the sauce will benefit from it. How much olive oil to use will also depend on how fatty or lean the pork is.
    • Prep Time: 10 minutes
    • Cook Time: 60 minutes
    • Category: Pasta
    • Method: Stovetop
    • Cuisine: Italian

    Nutrition

    • Serving Size: ½ cup
    • Calories: 625
    • Sugar: 10g
    • Sodium: 780mg
    • Fat: 26g
    • Saturated Fat: 7g
    • Unsaturated Fat: 17g
    • Trans Fat: 0g
    • Carbohydrates: 74g
    • Fiber: 6g
    • Protein: 25g
    • Cholesterol: 50mg

    Did you make this recipe?

    Tag @BITINGATTHEBITS on Instagram and hashtag it #BITINGATTHEBITS 

    Recipe Card powered byTasty Recipes

     

    More Easy Toothsome Pasta Recipes

    • Green spinach pasta mezzaluna-shaped spinach and ricotta ravioli on a serving platter topped with homemade Italian tomato sauce and freshly grated Parmesan.
      Homemade Spinach and Ricotta Ravioli Filling Recipe
    • Close-up of homemade cuttlefish ink pasta nests in various shapes on tray, fresh black pasta ready for seafood pasta recipes and nero di seppia dishes.
      Squid Ink Pasta (Homemade Pasta al Nero di Seppia)
    • Homemade lobster ravioli and shrimp ravioli in heart and star shapes on a serving platter covered with lobster tomato cream sauce, showing the best sauce for lobster ravioli recipe.
      Lobster Ravioli With Tomato Cream Sauce
    • Authentic Italian pasta ai funghi in a white bowl topped with grated Grana Padano, a traditional mushroom pasta recipe made without cream.
      Authentic Mushroom Pasta ai Funghi (No Cream)

    About Kelly Leding

    Global recipes from a NYC private chef and Chengdu cooking school founder, now living & cooking in Italy. Authentic Italian, Chinese, and Southern cuisine!

    Reader Interactions

    Made the Recipe? Tell Us What You Think! Cancel reply

    Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

    Recipe rating 5 Stars 4 Stars 3 Stars 2 Stars 1 Star

    Primary Sidebar

    A photo of Kelly doing a pasta making demonstration at The Broadway Panhandler in NYC, NY.

    Hi, I'm Kelly! A private chef helping busy families cook and enjoy tastier, less-processed meals at home. Born and raised in Arkansas, I've lived and worked in NYC, Sichuan China, and now Northeast Italy. Each of these places impacts the diverse way we cook, live, and celebrate life. You'll find a bit of everything here, whether you're new to cooking or you've made it all. If you love to eat, you're in the right place!

    A BIT MORE →

    Best Lent Recipes

    • Best lenten recipes and meals including cheese enchiladas, lobster ravioli with tomato cream sauce, har gow shrimp dumplings, shrimp toast, crab linguine pasta, crispy Teochew shrimp burgers, asparagus risotto with pan-seared scallops, Italian scallops au gratin, and St. Louis style whole wheat pizza for meatless Friday dinners during Lent (A 9-photo collage of these recipes).
      80+ Best Lent Recipes, Meals & Meatless Dinner Ideas (6-Week Plan)
    • Extra beefy-tasting Beyond Burger on a homemade sesame and poppy seed potato bun.
      How to Make Extra "Beefy" Beyond® Burgers
    • A bowl of paccheri pasta with shrimp and zucchini in a tomato and white wine sauce.
      Paccheri Pasta With Shrimp and Zucchini Sugo
    • Brithish style fish and chips on a wire rack looking super crispy and golden brown.
      British Style Fish and Chips (Crispiest Fried Fish Ever)
    Add me as a Google Source

    Our Favorite Easter Recipes

    • Best easter recipes collage featuring homemade spinach ravioli, easter dinner ideas like asparagus lasagna and sauteed carrots, easter desserts including carrot cake and colomba pasquale italian easter bread, easter brunch asparagus frittata, asparagus risotto with scallops, mushy peas easter side dish, and homemade peeps without corn syrup.
      50+ Best Easter Recipes for Dinner, Brunch & Desserts 2026
    • Homemade lobster ravioli and shrimp ravioli in heart and star shapes on a serving platter covered with lobster tomato cream sauce, showing the best sauce for lobster ravioli recipe.
      Lobster Ravioli With Tomato Cream Sauce
    • Biting at the Bits Apricot Colomba
      Italian Easter Dove Bread Recipe (Colomba Pasquale)
    • beautifully golden brown frittata in the cast-iron skillet that's been flipped to show off it's perfectly golden underside
      Asparagus and Zucchini Frittata Recipe (Perfect for Spring)
    • A double layer no-raisin best carrot cake with pecans and matcha cream cheese frosting, piped in kisses and garnished with toasted pistachios.
      Best Carrot Cake Recipe (Super Moist, Made from Scratch)
    • Homemade pink Easter Bunny peeps and Hershey-Kisses-shaped peeps.
      How to Make Homemade Peeps (Without Corn Syrup)
    • A slice of the the best strawberry crostata (aka strawberry jam tart from Italy) on a plate.
      Strawberry Crostata (Italian Crostata di Marmellata di Fragole)
    • Easy Mushy Peas Recipe

    Make Better Homemade Pizza

    • Collection of 25 homemade pizza varieties including vegetarian options, meat-vegetable combinations, hawaiian, prosciutto-arugula, marinara, margherita, mushroom, various cheese pizzas, olive, breakfast pizza, capricciosa, zucchini and ham, pepperoni, quattro formaggi, BBQ chicken pizza, and more on different kinds of homemade pizza dough including neapolitan, whole wheat, bread flour, 00 flour, St. Louis Style, pizza fritta, and pinsa Romana.
      Best Pizza Toppings & Pizza Dough Ultimate Guide w/Real Photos
    • Pizza dough recipe for a homemade pizza with sausage and onion on a crispy bread flour pizza crust recipe, how to make pizza dough for the best homemade pizza dough.
      Best Bread Flour Pizza Dough Recipe (5 Ingredients)
    • Super crispy sliced whole wheat Supreme pizza with green olives, spicy ventricina salami, salsiccia, prosciutto cotto, mushrooms, red bell peppers, and onions.
      Best Whole Wheat Pizza Dough Recipe (For Thin Crust Pizza)
    • Perfect thick-crust pizza dough with pizza margherita toppings (including homemade pizza sauce, shredded mozzarella, and mini buffalo mozzarella balls.
      Thick-Crust Pizza (Fluffy 00 Flour Pizza Dough Recipe)
    • A platter with three golden brown fried pizzas topped with burrata cheese, mozzarella, prosciutto di parma, olives, and sun dried tomatoes.
      Crispy Italian Fried Pizza (Easy Abruzzo Pizza Fritta)
    • St. Louis style thin crust whole wheat pizza cut into squares topped with artichoke hearts, Taggiasche olives, caramelized onions and melted mozzarella cheese - no yeast pizza dough recipe.
      Easy 20-Minute Thin & Crispy St. Louis-Style Whole Wheat Pizza
    • HOME
    • ABOUT
    • Contact

    Footer

    ↑ back to top

    About

    • PRIVACY & COOKIE POLICY
    • ALL RECIPES

    Newsletter

    Contact

    • CONTACT

    As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases.

    COPYRIGHT© 2025 BITINGATTHEBITS.COM ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. NO IMAGES OR CONTENT CONTAINED ON THIS SITE MAY BE REPRODUCED IN WHOLE OR IN PART IN ANY MANNER WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN PERMISSION OF THE COPYRIGHT OWNER.